DETAILED CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CHAP. I—GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION.
The three chief principles stated—The first principle—Serviceable
actions become habitual in association with certain states of the mind, and are
performed whether or not of service in each particular case—The force of
habit—Inheritance—Associated habitual movements in man—Reflex
actions—Passage of habits into reflex actions—Associated habitual
movements in the lower animals—Concluding remarks

CHAP. II—GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION.—continued.
The Principle of Antithesis—Instances in the dog and cat—Origin of
the principle—Conventional signs—The principle of antithesis has
not arisen from opposite actions being consciously performed under opposite
impulses

CHAP. III—GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION.—concluded.
The principle of the direct action of the excited nervous system on the
body, independently of the will and in part of habit—Change of
colour in the hair—Trembling of the muscles—Modified
secretions—Perspiration—Expression of extreme pain—Of
rage, great joy, and terror—Contrast between the emotions which
cause and do not cause expressive movements—Exciting and depressing
states of the mind—Summary

CHAP. IV—MEANS OF EXPRESSION. IN ANIMALS.
The emission of sounds—Vocal sounds—Sounds otherwise
produced—Erection of the dermal appendages, hairs, feathers, &c.,
under the emotions of anger and terror—The drawing back of the ears as a
preparation for fighting, and as an expression of anger—Erection of the
ears and raising the head, a sign of attention

CHAP. V.—SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF ANIMALS.
The Dog, various expressive movements
of—Cats—Horses—Ruminants—Monkeys, their expression of
joy and affection—Of pain—Anger Astonishment and Terror

CHAP. VI.—SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN: SUFFERING AND WEEPING.
The screaming and weeping of infants—Form of features—Age at which
weeping commences—The effects of habitual restraint on
weeping—Sobbing—Cause of the contraction of the muscles round the
eyes during screaming—Cause of the secretion of tears

CHAP. VII.—LOW SPIRITS, ANXIETY, GRIEF, DEJECTION, DESPAIR.
General effect of grief on the system—Obliquity of the eyebrows under
suffering—On the cause of the obliquity of the eyebrows—On the
depression of the corners of the mouth

CHAP. VIII.—JOY, HIGH SPIRITS, LOVE, TENDER FEELINGS, DEVOTION.
Laughter primarily the expression of joy—Ludicrous ideas—Movements
of the features during laughter—Nature of the sound produced—The
secretion of tears during loud laughter—Gradation from loud laughter
to gentle smiling—High spirits—The expression of love—Tender
feelings—Devotion

CHAP. IX.—REFLECTION—MEDITATION—ILL—TEMPER—SULKINESS
DETERMINATION.
The act of frowning—Reflection with an effort or with the perception of
something difficult or disagreeable—Abstracted
meditation—Ill-temper—Moroseness—Obstinacy—Sulkiness
and pouting—Decision or determination—The firm closure of the mouth

CHAP. X.—HATRED AND ANGER.
Hatred—Rage, effects of on the system—Uncovering of the
teeth—Rage in the insane—Anger and indignation—As expressed
by the various races of man—Sneering and defiance—The uncovering of
the canine teeth on one side of the face

CHAP. XI.—DISDAIN—CONTEMPT—DISGUST—GUILT—PRIDE,
ETC.—HELPLESSNESS—PATIENCE—AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION.
Contempt, scorn and disdain, variously expressed—Derisive Smile—Gestures
expressive of contempt—Disgust—Guilt, deceit, pride, etc.—Helplessness
or impotence—Patience—Obstinacy—Shrugging the shoulders
common to most of the races of man—Signs of affirmation and negation

CHAP. XII.—SURPRISE—ASTONISHMENT—FEAR—HORROR.
Surprise, astonishment—Elevation of the eyebrows—Opening the
mouth—Protrusion of the lips—Gestures accompanying
surprise—Admiration Fear—Terror—Erection of the
hair—Contraction of the platysma muscle—Dilatation of the
pupils—horror—Conclusion.

CHAP. XIII.—SELF-ATTENTION—SHAME—SHYNESS—MODESTY:
BLUSHING.
Nature of a blush—Inheritance—The parts of the body most
affected—Blushing in the various races of man—Accompanying
gestures—Confusion of mind—Causes of blushing—Self-attention,
the fundamental element—Shyness—Shame, from broken moral laws and
conventional rules—Modesty—Theory of blushing—Recapitulation

CHAP. XIV.—CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY.
The three leading principles which have determined the chief movements of
expression—Their inheritance—On the part which the will and
intention have played in the acquirement of various expressions—The
instinctive recognition of expression—The bearing of our subject on the
specific unity of the races of man—On the successive acquirement of
various expressions by the progenitors of man—The importance of
expression—Conclusion